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Overview
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This latest version of our immensely popular 5 day WDM Driver Lab is the first major revision
since Windows 2000. The seminar covers both the archictural background and the practical
details of implementing real, useful, WDM drivers. Of course, like all our seminars, this seminar is
taught by experienced Windows driver writers who've "been there."
The overall goal of this seminar is to provide students with the necessary knowledge and
hands-on experience to design, develop, and test many types of Windows WDM drivers. The key to reaching
this goal is gaining a solid knowledge of the underlying architecture and operating principals of the Windows
I/O, PnP, and Power subsystems. The seminar also specifically discussed basic USB concepts
and the Windows USB stack.
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Note that unlike other operating systems, drivers for different types of
devices under Windows differ significantly (for example, SATA disk drivers have almost no implementation
details in common with LAN communications drivers). Therefore, every type of driver cannot be covered in
detail during the limited time available in this seminar.
The seminar focuses on the fundamentals and over-arching
concepts that are applicable to all types of Windows kernel mode drivers. The seminar specifically
discusses the implementation details (including numerous practical hints and tips) of software drivers, filter drivers, drivers for USB devices, and (to a lesser extent) drivers for
PCI-based Programmed I/O devices. The seminar does not cover specific implementation of printer,
video, SCSI, ATA, NDIS, 1394, Bluetooth, or (of course) user-mode drivers.
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Target Audience
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This seminar is designed for engineers who need to design, develop, or test Windows WDM drivers.
Engineers who have experience with the Windows Driver Foundation Kernel Mode Driver Framework (KMDF)
will also benefit from this seminar, as WDM provides the underlying basis for KMDF.
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Developers who want to develop file systems or file system filter drivers will also
need the information presented in this seminar, as it is an absolute prerequisite to understanding those
topics.
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Prerequisites
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Students attending this seminar must have solid knowledge of general operating systems concepts
(user mode versus kernel mode, virtual memory concepts, concurrency issues), device concepts (registers, interrupts),
and the basics of Windows O/S Architecture. Previous experience developing device drivers
(on any operating system) will definitely be an advantage.
While certainly not mandatory, students who wish to be especially well-prepared for this seminar may wish
to read as much as they can of the Kernel-Mode Driver Architecture Design Guide (from the Windows Driver Kit),
with special attention to the first five sections (Introduction to Windows Drivers, Windows Driver Model,
Device Objects and Device Stacks, Kernel-Mode Driver Components, and Handling IRPs).
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Note that almost all of this material will be discussed in detail during the seminar. However, having a basic
understanding of these topics prior to attending the seminar will aid students in understanding the details of
some of the more complex topics.
Due to the hands-on orientation of this seminar, attendees will be assumed to
be able to use Windows at a user level, including using Microsoft Visual Studio (VC++). Working knowledge
of the C programming language, and how to read and write to a file using Win32 are also assumed. Previous
experience developing device drivers (on any operating system), or solid knowledge of general operating
system and device driver concepts is necessary.
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Seminar Outline
OSR is completing the development of this redesigned version of Writing WDM Driver for Windows.
More information will be available on each topic as that development nears completion.
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1. The Windows Operating System
A brief review of the
general architecture of the Windows operating system, as specifically
applicable to driver writers.
2. Building The Device Tree
A detailed discussion of how the PnP Manager works with drivers to
build stacks of devices through the enumeration process. The role of
Function Drivers, Bus Drivers, and Filter Drivers is discussed. PDOs, FDOs,
and Filter Device Objects are defined. IRPs, I/O Stack Locations, and how
requests are sent from driver to driver using IoCallDriver are all discussed.
Synchronous and asynchrouns IRP completion. A brief discussion of completion routintes
is also included.
3. Driver Installation
In this section we discuss how to create installation control files
for WDM and standard kernel mode device drivers. The Ten Most
Frequently Used .INF File Sections are discussed in detail.
4. Building and Debugging Kernel Mode Drivers
This section describes how WDM drivers are built using the WDK
build environment as well as the basics of how to setup and use the Windows kernel mode
debugger, WinDbg.
5. Interrupt Request Levels and Deferred Procedure Calls
Windows synchronizes kernel mode activity by using a set of Interrupt
Request Levels (IRQLs). This section covers how IRQLs are used to achieve
sychronization within the OS. Also the processing that occurs at these
IRQLs - including Deferred
Procedure Calls (DPCs) and dispatching - are discussed.
6. The DriverEntry and AddDevice Entry Points
The two most common entry points are described. We also
provide a description of the functions typically called, and do
a walk-through of code from a sample driver
for each of these entry points.
PnP and WDM issues.
Lab Session:
Setup, Add a device interface
7. I/O Function Codes and Buffer Methods
A specific discussion of I/O function codes (major and minor),
as well as defining custom Device Control requests (IOCTLs). Direct I/O, Buffered I/O,
and "Neither I/O" are also discussed.
8. Dispatching and Completing Requests
This module describes Dispatch Routines including
I/O request validation, as well as the basics of request queuing and completion.
9. PNP and START_DEVICE
In this module, we take our first overall look at the Windows PnP state machine. Building on what
we learned when we discussed the Device Tree, we describe how the PnP subsystem interacts with
Function and Filter drivers. We describe
how to process "bus first" and "function first" requests, and walk-through example code for
handling IRP_MN_START_DEVICE requests.
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Lab Session:
Add an IOCTL; Read/Write; Filter
10. Programmed I/O
The basics of hardware registers (both memory mapped and those in port I/O space) are discussed,
as well as the HAL functions used by Windows drivers to access them. Review of the flow of
an I/O Request for drivers that directly handle device interrupts.
11. USB Concepts
An introduction to basic USB concept. Device, configuration and endpoint descriptors are
discussed as are control, bulk, interrupt and isochronous endopoints. The overall model
of the Windows USB stack is presented.
12. USB Implementations
The details of how to write drivers for simple USB devices, concentrating on the interactions
between your function driver and the Windows USB stack. Retrieving descriptors, choosing a
configuration and interface, interacting with control, bulk, and interrupt endpoints.
13. Serialization
What it means to be "thread safe", and fully re-entrant. Serialization in kernel mode. Spin locks are defined, and the different types of spin locks are described.
Lab Session:
USB
14. Driver Verifier, Prefast, SDV
In this section, we explain how to use Windows Driver Verifier to
test your driver is explained. Also covered are the roles of PreFAST (PFD) and Static Driver Verifier.
A number of driver debugging hints and tips are presented.
15. Cleanup, Close, and Cancel
Cleanup, close and request cancellation and compared and contrasted. When one might need to
implement support for each in a typical WDM driver is discussed. Guidelines for supporting
request cancellation, including Cancel Safe Queues and in-progress request handling are presented.
16. Power Management
Basic Windows power management concepts, as well as the responsibilities of the power policy owner,
are discussed in this section. Proper handling of power transitions, interactions with PnP,
starting and completing D-IRPs, and dealing with various failure situations are also discussed.
Lab Session:
Cancel; Power
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Cost
Writing WDM Kernel Mode Drivers for Windows (with lab)
5 days, lecture with lab
Cost: $3350 or $3150 if paid 2 weeks prior
OSR also teaches private on-site seminars
all over the world.
As with all of our seminar offerings, our Terms and Conditions and Bottom Line Guarantee apply.
Seminars Outside North America
Please contact OSR at +1.603.595.6500 for seminars held outside
of the United States and Canada. Prices vary by location.
All courses are taught in English. At some international locations,
translation services will be provided. Please contact OSR
for more information.
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